vinsent van gogi
am genialuri mxatvris mamas erqva Teodor van gogi . igi cnobili nider-
landuri gvaris warmomadgeneli iyo. misi wenaprebi yovelTvis kargad cxovrob- dnen da xandazmul asaks aRwevdnen . 1851 wels Teodor van gogma colad SeirTo
ana kornelia karbentusi . igi mosiyvarule , ketili da morwmune adamiani iyo , mag
ram samwuxarod mas StamomavlobiT xvda epilefsia , ramac albaT garkveuli ro-
li iTamaSa van gogis avadmyopobaSi . 1852 wlis 30 marts mas Seedina biWi , saxe -
lad vinsenti ,rac niSnavs gamarjvebuls , magram samwuxarod eqvsi kviris Semdeg bavSvi gardaicvala . ra Tqma unda , es SemTxveva oxjaxis Tvis didi tragedia iyo.
Mmagram erTi wlis Semdeg ,1853 wlis isev 30 marts ana karpentuss Seedina meore vaGJi , romelsac gardacvlili bavSvis pativsacemad daarqmeven aseve vinsents ,
vinsent van gogs . am ojaxis bedniereba am sasiamovno movleniT ar damTavre -
bula , radgan droTa ganmavlobaSi am ojaxs kidev xuTi Svili SeedZina – sami va
Ji da ori biWi . da-Zmebisagan gansxvavebiT vinsenti metad Cumi da gulCaTxro –
Bili bavSvi iyo . mas uyvarda tyesa Tu mindorSi marto seirnoba . agrovebda yva -
vileba , mwerebs . icoda maTi laTinuri saxelwodebebi . Cumad akvirdeboda gle –
xebis muSaobas yanaSi , uWirda xalxTan urTierToba . amave dros Sinaganad Zali-
an mgrZnobiare da keTili bavSvi iyo . uyvarda xatva da kiTxva .Y yvelafers rac
ki xalSi moxvdeboda . yvelasTvis moulodnelas igi dauaxlovda Tavis umcros
Zmas , TeEos . miuxedavaT maTi radikaluri gansxvavebisa xasiaTSi , asaksa da gareg-
nobaSi , isini mTeli cxovrebis ganmavlobaSi erTmaneTisaTvis uaxloes adamiane bad darCnen.
12 wlis asakSi igi SeyavT zevenbergis saswavlebelSi , sadac igi didi
interesiT swavlobs filosofiasa da G RvTismetyvelebas . wlis asakSi ojaxma
gadawyvita rom vinsents raime saqmisaTvis unda moekida xeli . misi biZebi
warmatebiT vaWrobdnen zelovnebis nimuSebiT , amitom maT gadawyvites rom
vinsentisTvisac ar iqneboda es saqme urigo . amgvarad 1869 wels biZis re-
komendaciiT igi xdeba caagaSi “gupilis” firmis TanamSromeli , sadac misi
movaleoba iyo suraTebis gayidva . 1873 wels vinsenti samuSaod gadadis londonSi , sadac oTx weliwads daQhyops . londonma masze waruSleli Sta-
beWdileba datova. igi ecnoboda qalaqis RirsSesaniSnaobebs. dadis muzeumeb-
Si , gamofenebze . ecnoba gamoCenili ingliseli mxatvrebis - konsteblis ,
Geinsboros , reinoldsis da terneris namuSevrebs . mas Zalian Seuyvarda ing-
lLisi Tavisi xalxiT da cxovrebis saqmiani stiliT . man CasvlisTanave
iyida cilindri da ambobda : “amis gareSe londonSi SeuZlebelia saqmis
warmoeba” . magram samwuxarod moxda iseTi ram , manac mZime kvali datova
mis fsiqikaze. aq mas Seuyvarda misive saxlis patronis qaliSvili ursula.
vinsenti mas aRmerTebda , magram Tavisi moridebis gamo didi xani ver
bedavda misTvis siyvarulis axsnas . vinsentisgan gansxvavebiT ursula yo-
velTvis araseriozulad ekideboda mis grZnobebs . metic , is dascinoda
kidev sabralo holandieli biWis gulwrfeli grZnobebiT . rodesac vin-
senti gabedavs da gamoutydeba liyvarulSi ursulas , igi siciliT Sea-
tyobinebs , rom sxvas mihyveba colas . es ambavi Tavzardamcemi iyo
misTvis . genialur mxatvars didi xnis manZilze ar asvenebda kiTxva ;
ratom uarhyo sayvarelma qalma ? ratom ar CaTvala Tavis Rirsad ?!
amis Semdeg igi brundena saxlSi . saaTobiT iketeba oTaxSi . eweva Ci-
buxs da bevrs xatavs , magram “gupilis” firmam igi kvlav gaagzavna ing-
lisSi . misi sulieri mdgomareobis gaTvaliswinebiT mSoblebma mas gaayo-
les ufrosi da ana . biZamisis ,semis daxmarebiT igi droebiT miemgzavre-
ba farizSi , siamovnebisa da xelovnebis qalaqSi . aq fotograf nadaris
salonSi mxatvrebma - sezanma , monem , renuarma degam moawyves pirveli jgu-
furi gamofena , romelmac gamoiwvia didi miTqma-moTqma , radgan gamofe-
naze warmodgenili iyo degas naxati saxelwodebiT “mzis amosvla . Sta-
bewdileba” , cnobilma kritikosma lui leruam es mxatvrebi cinikurad
moixsenia impresionistebad , magram unda iTqvas rom dRes isini Rir-
seulad atareben dRes am saxels. maTma namuSevrebma didi gavlena mo-
axdines van gogze , magram parizic ver aviwyebinebs mas ursulas . igi
moulodnelad brundeba londonSi . ramdenimejerme Seecdeba masTan Sex-
vedras , magram ursula mas ar iRebda . mogvianebiT vinsenti Seityobs
rom ursula gaTxovda . amieridan igi aRarasodes ar axsenebs misi cal-
mxrivi siyvarulis Sesaxeb , radgan man es siyvaruli gulSi saTuTad
Seinaxa.
Aam Semdeg metad saTuTi xasiaTis mflobeli genialuri impre-
sionisti Caiketa Tavis TavSi da mxolod sakuTar maswavlebels gvarad
gorlics ekonteqteboda , romelic cxovrobda missave pansionatSi . aRfrTo-
vanebuli misi ganaTlebiT igi urCevda vinsents rom gaagrdelos swav-
la da aiRos RvTismetyvelis diplomi . es swored is iyo , razedac
fiqrobda TviT vinsenti . “me ar var marto . CemTan aris RmerTi.
me minda gavxde mRvdeli Cemi mamisa da babuis msgavsad” - wers igi
Teos . mis am gadawyvetilebas daeTanxma ojaxic . “dae ase iyos! -
miiRos ganaTleba da gaxdes protestanntuli eklesiis mRvdeli” .
vinsent van gogi 1869 - 1876 -- savaWro , samxatvro firmis ko-
misionrad muSaobda -caagaSi , briuselSi londonsa da parizSi . xolo 1876
wels maswavleblobda inglisSi . 1876 wlis ivlisidan ki igi ikavebs
mRvdlis TanaSemwis Tanamdebobas ailvatSi . am wlebSi van gogi cdi-
lobs , rom mTeli Tavisi energia moaxmaros xalxs . igi mkacri da
momTxovnia sakuTari Tavis mimarTac da Tvlis , rom Tavi unda ga-
wiros davrdomilTa xsnisaTvis . igi ertgulia am ideis , magram ar icis , sad da rogor ganaxorcielos igi . amis gamo ki mudmivad sin-
disis qenjnas ganicdis. igi miemgzavreba etenSi ojaxTan ertad da kvlav
ubrundeba RvTismetyvelebas . 1877-1878 wlebSi van gogi Cairicxa amster-
damis universitetis Teologiis fakultetze , magram sul male tovebs
mas da ismens specialur kurss misionerebisaTvis briuselSi . 1878 wels
igi miemgzavreba borinaJSi , romelic dasaxlebuli iyo maRaroelebiT da
Raribi muSebiT . aq kacobriobis bednierebaze meocnebe van gogi ejaxeba
Mmkacr realobas da es mgrZnobiare adamiani pirvelad xvdeba Tavisi
Qadagebis uZlurebas siRaribisa da siduxWiris winaaRmdeg brZolaSi.
Man miatova ojaxi , dauriga gaWirvebulebs mteli Tavisi tansacmeli da qo-
Nneba , xolo tifis epidemiis dros ar scildeboda daavadebul adamian-
Ta sarecels , raTa cotaTi mainc Seemsubuqebina maTi tanjva da locve-
biT mainc daxmareboda davrdomils , magram , ra Tqma unda , xSir
SemTxvevaSi mis mier gaRebuli msxverpli avadmyofebs ver Sveloda.
van gogis saTuT Sinagan samYaroze aman dalian cudi gavlena mo-
axdina da gamoiwvia misi imedgacruebac ki . naxevari wlis Semdeg
ki eklesiis mRvdelTmsaxurebi aTavisufleben mas . am dros mas
mxarSi amoudga umcrosi Zma Teo , romelic im droisaTvis mu-
Saobda imave “gupilis” firmaSi , saidanac Wamovida vinsenti . igi
warmatebiT vaWrobda suraTebiT mTelisicocxlis ganmavlobaSi da
es adamiani is erTaderTi iyo visac aRelvebda genialuri
mxatvris bedi mudam . TeosTan miweril werilebs ki van gogis
mimoweraSi Zalian mniSvnelovani adgili eWira da isini SemdgomSi
mravaljer daibeWda sxvadasxva enaze . mxolod 1880 wels , 27 wlis
van gogi gadawyvets , rom gaxdes mxatvari . xatvis Sesaswavlad igi
miemgzavreba briuselis da antverpenis samxatvro akademiebSi . amis Semdeg
2 wlis mamdilze igi cxovrobs caagaSi , sadac misi maswavlebeli
iyo Soreuli naTesavi , mxatvari , peizaJisti da animalisti anton
mauve . am periods miekuTvneba van gogis pirveli namuSevrebi Ses-
rulebuli zeTis saRebavebiT . misi Semoqmedebis e.w. “holandiuri pe-
riodis” yvelaze mniSvnelovani namuSevrebi , romlebSic naTlad gamov-
linda mxatvruli xerxebis Zieba , daixata nuenenSi , sadac igi muSaobda
2 wlis ganmavlobaSi . igi xatavda naturmortebs Citis budeebiT ,ro-
melTa didi koleqcia hqonda . am namuSevrebSi man gadmosca gancda im
sacxovreblebis sicarielisa da mitovebulobisa , rodesRac odesRac si-
cocxle iyo . 1884 wels igi qmnis suraTs “nuenenis koSki”. suraTi
warmoadgens soflis sasaflaos sacodavi , waqceuli jvrebiT da ga-
dabrunebuli mindvrebiT . yovelive amas mxatvrisaTvis aqvs simboluri
datvirTva , kerZod es suraTi gamoxatavs mis Sinagan sicarieles.
igi axsenebs cocxlebs sikvdilis Sesaxeb , es motivi ki mis Semoq-
medebaSi xSirad meordeba . glexebis portretebsa da im namuSevrebSi
romlebSic aRwerilia xalxis Sroma , iseTi tragizmi da tkivilia
gadmocemuli , rogorsac ganicdida TviT van gogi maT mZime cxov-
rebaze dakvirvebisas . man ramdenimejerme daxata mqsoveli dazgasTan.
naxatSi dazgis wvetiani kuTxeebi da gamoweuli adgilebi waagavs
fantastikuri urCxulis kbilebian xaxas . TviT mqsovelis moZraoba
imdenad monotomuria , TiTqos samudamod gadaiqca dazgis nawilad.
araCvelebrivad gamomsaxvelia da savsea Sinagani dramatizmiT misi
cnobili suraTi “karTofilis mWamelebi” (1885) . suraTSi aRwerilia
suraTze aRwerilia ojaxi mZime samuSaos Semdeg . magidazea Raribuli
vaxSami . van gogi mourideblad , Segnebulad usvams xazs ojaxis si-
duxWires , gauxeSebul xelebs , ulamazo saxeebs , romelTac Tavisi kva-
li daamCnia mZime Sromam da mudmivma SimSilma . momwvano , moRuSuli
ferebi da lampis mkrTali Suqi amZafrebs saxisa da figurebis ulamazo
da uxeS formebs . kartofilis TefSidan amodis orTqli . yovelive
es xazs usvams RaribTa sacxovreblis ara myudro garemos .
1885 wlis dekemberSi van gogi tovebs guenens da miem-
gzavreba parizSi . gzad igi Cerdeba antverpenSi (belgiaSi) , sadac
igi ecnoba rubensis , iordansis , van deikisa da sxvaTa namuSevrebs.
parizSi yofnisas van gogi eziara safrangeTis SemoqmedebiTi cxiv-
rebis mniSvnelovan movlenebs . igi ecnoba cnobili mxatvrebis : goge-
nis , tuluz-lotrekis , siniakis da sxvaTa Semoqmedebas . amis Semdeg van
gogia SemoqmedebaSi Cndeba iseTi tonalurobebi , rogoricaa mocimcime
cisferi , oqrosferi da wiTeli . vinsentis did interess iwvevs iaponuri
graviura , kerZod xokusias namuSevrebi . zogierT maTgans igi iyenebs fo-
nad sakuTari portretebisaTvis . amaSi vlindeba misi didi interesi
iaponuri nacionaluri xelovnebis mimarT .
1888 wels van gogi tovebs parizs da binavdeba safrange-
Tis samxreT nawilSi , kerZod provinciul qalaq arlSi . igi intensiurad
Dda nayofierad muSaobda , xatavda naturidan . am dros man sakuTari
Emociuri ganwyobiT daiwyo naturis gadmocema . iswrafvoda harmoniis,
mSvenierebisa da bednierebisaken . am dros man Seqmna SesaniSnavi namu-
Sevrebi arlis xedebiT : “mka arlSi” , “asawevi xidi arlSi” , “ayvavebuli
xe” . igi xatavs misTvis saintereso adamianebis portretebs : “fosta-
lioni ruleni” , “qaliSvili arlidan” da sxva . xSirad xatavs Tavis
sayvarel mcenares , mzesumziras . igi gadawyvets mzesumzirebiT moxatos
Tavisi saxli , “yviTeli saxli” , radgan igi ufro sasiamovno gamxda-
riyo stumrad mosuli mxatvrebisaTvis . man TavisTan stumrad dapa-
tiJa pol gogeni . isini erTad muSaobdnen arliSi ori Tvis gan-
mavlobaSi . am erToblivma muSaobam gamoavlina maTi azrTa sxvadasxva-
oba xelovnebasa da muSaobis meTodebze . daZabuli muSaoba da mud-
mivi uTanxmoebani xels uwyobdnen misi avadmyofobis ganviTarebas.
Mmisi daavadeba anu egreTwodebuli van gogis sindromi aris fsi-
Qqiuri aSliloba , romlis drosac adamiani mimarTavs TviTdazianebas ,
rogoricaa sxeulis nawilebis mokveTa , Wrilobis miyeneba an katego-
riulad moiTxovs Cautaron qirurgiuli operacia . es sindromi vlin-
deba iseTi paTologiebis dros , rogoricaa Sizofrenia , hipoqondri-
uli mania , halucinacia , impolsuri gamovlinebebi . gamomwvevi mizezebi
mravalgvaria , erTE-erTi mizezi ki Seidleba intoqsikaciac iyos sin-
dromi pirvelad aRwera fsiqiatrma abramma 1966 wels . van gogis
daavadebam Tavi swored arlSi iCina . kerZod erTxel dainaxa ra
gogenis mier Sesrulebuli Tavisi portreti , anerviulda da wa-
moiZaxa : “es namdvilad me var , Wkuidan gadasuli” . amave saRamos
aRznebuli van gogi gogens Wiqas esvris . meore diliT igi
Zlivs ixsenebs momxdars . patiebas sTxovs gogens da emudareba ,
rom darCes arliSi , magram vinsentis es vityvebi mas ver da-
arwmunebs da gogeni gadawyvets datovos arli . magram holandieli
Semoqmedis daavadebi gamovlineba amiT ar damTavrebula , 1888 wlis
23 dekembers , saRamos , seirnobisas gogeni gaigonebs Cqarebul fexis
xmas da Semobrundeba swored im dros , roca vinsent van gogi
apirebs masze Tavdasxmas samarTebliT . amave saRamos igi fsiqiu-
ri aSlilobis niadagze Tavs daisaxiCrebs - moiWris yurs , ris ga-
moc moaTavseben saavadmyofoSi . swored am mZime periodSi Seiqmna
misi Sedevrebi : “kaci CibuxiT” , romelic aris mxatvaris avtoport-
reti da “avtoportreti moWrili yuriT” , esec , ra Tqma unda , mi-
si portretia oRonc mas Semdeg rac Tavi daisaxiCra .
1889 wlis aprilSi ki mxatvari gebulobs , misi umcrosi
Zmis qorwinebis ambavs , rac mis fsiqikur mdgomareobas kidev uf-
ro auaresebs , imitom rom eSinia marto darCenis da Teos qor-
wilSi xedavs amis saSiSroebas . amis gamo gadawyvets , rom wavides
sen remis saavadmyofoSi da daavadebis gamwvavebas iq Sexvdes .
periodulad igi agrdelebs muSaobas , xatavs peizaJebs , romelzec
gamosaxulia saavadmyoFfo da misi Semogarenni . misi Semoqmedebis
am periodSi iqmneba : “didi gza provansSi” , “yviTeli TavTavebi
kviparosebiT” da sxva . saavadmyofodan gamosvlis Semdeg van gogi
dasaxldeba overSi , safrangeTSi . aq mis janmrTelobas yuradRebas
aqcevs Teos megobari , eqimi gaSe . vinsentma misi portretic da-
xata da is erT-erTi saukeTesoa mis portretebs Soris . portret-
ze “eqimi gaSe” gamosaxuli pol gaSe zis skamze , Tavi xelze aqvs
dayrdnobili , xolo meore xeli ki wynarad udevs magidaze , magram
pozis es statikuroba mxolod xazs usvems Sinagan mousvenrobas , di-
namikas da daZabulobas .
27 ivliss vinsent van gogma aiRo revulveri , wavida
mindorSi , mkerdze miido iaraRi da gaisrola , magram aacila . igi
brundeba saxlSi da SeumCnevlad Dis Tavis oTaxSi . sadilze vinsenti
ar Camosula , ramac saxlis patroni SeaSfoTa . man sTxova meuRles
asuliyo gaerkvia Tu ra iyo van gogis amgvari qcevis mizezi.
Bbatoni ravu Seva vinsentis oTaxSi da dainaxavs dasisxlianebuls,
Iatakze . mxatvari sTxovs saxlis patrons , rom dauZaxos eqim gaSes.
Eeqims SeaZrwunebs es ambavi . saRAamos cxra saaTze ki genialurma ho-
Landielma mxatvarma gaumeora gaSes , rom sruliad Segnebulad ga-
Ddawyvita Tavis mokvla da wynarad sTxova mieca misTvis Cibuxi
Dda Tambaqo . ra Tqma unda , gaSe SeSfoTda undoda TeosTvis Seetyo-
Bbinebina momxdari , magram vinsentma ar misca misi misamarTi . meore
dRes Teo movida . igi tiroda Zmis sawolTan , magram vinsenTma uTxra
“nu tiri , _ ase ukeTesi qneba yvelasTvis” . Teo amSvidebda rom
eqimebi mas uSvelidnen , maram vinsentma upasuxa : “azri ar aqvs , sev-
da mainc arasodes gaivlis” . 29 ivliss , dRis oris naxevarze , vin-
sent van gogi gardaicvala uwvaleblas , Civilisa da sityvis gareSe.
igi gardaicvala axalgazrda , 37 wlis asakSi da mis dakrZalvas
ramdenime adamiani eswreboda , imitom rom mis namuSevrebi maSin
ar fasobda , mxolod ramdenime aTeul adamians SeeZlo maTi je-
rovnad Sefaseba mTels evropaSi . igi dakrZales overSi . gamosaT-
xovar sityvaSi eqimi gaSe ityvis : “is iyo patiosani adamiani da
didi mxatvari . igi emsaxureboda or mizans : adamianobas da xe-
lovnebas . xelovneba , romelsac igi ayenebda yvelaze maRla mouta-
ns mas ukvdavebas” .
xolo rac Seexeba mis Zmas , igi gardaicvala naxevari
wlis Semdeg vinsentis gardacvalebidan , 1891 wlis 25 ianvars . 23 wlis
Semdeg , 1914 wels misma meuRlem , iom misi neSti gadaasveni overSi.
vinsentis neStic gadaasvenes da TeosTan erTad dakrZales imave
sasaflaos sxva mxares . isini dRemde erTad ganisveneben .
Sua saukunebisgan gansxvavebiT vinsent van gogis namuSev-
rebi dRes Zalian fasobs . van gogi iTvleba yvela drois erT-erT
yvelaze saxelganTqmul mxatvrad . mis namuSevrebi dRes SedevreBaT iTv-
lebian . TviTon mxatvris sapativcemulod ki gaxsnilia sastumroebi,
Seqmnilia safosto markebi da mravali sxva .
